“This illustration is drawn from a textbook, Geography for beginners, published in 1864 and intended for use in the schools of the Confederate southern United States. The images represent the five distinct racial types which the author believed distinguished the human race. They were (from top left) the American Indian, the Mongolian, the Caucasian, the East Indian (bottom left) and the Negro.The slave-holding states of the south had special reasons to believe that Negroes were a separate race from Caucasians, but the idea that there were distinct races was widespread in 19th-century western culture. 20th-century genetics has disputed the existence of inherent racial differences.”
Reference: K. J. Stewart, Geography for beginners. Richmond: J. W. Randolph, 1864
