Visual Identity Politics and Remix Society
Stereotypes

About

Stereotypes get hold of the ‘type’ and reduce everything about this person to those traits, exaggerate and simplify them, and fix them without change or development to eternity. Through stereotyping the “dominant group applies their norms to subordinated groups, find the latter wanting, hence inadequate, inferior, sick or grotesque and hence reinforcing the dominant groups’ own sense of the legitimacy of their information.” (Dyer, 1977)

Black Pete is Blackface

“Black is Beautiful” a.k.a. The cultural appropriation of anti-racism protest by angry white men.

1001 streams of whiteness

Karen

Amy Cooper

"I'm not a racist. I did not mean to harm that man in any way," Amy Cooper said to CNN

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Encyclopedia of —isms

Stereotypes

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Typing

A type is any simple, vivid, memorable, easily grasped and widely recognized characterization in which a few traits are foregrounded and change or ‘development’ is kept to a minimum. — Richard Dyer

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Encyclopedia of —isms

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Stereotypes

Stereotyping

Stereotyping reduces people to a few, simple, essential characteristics which are represented as fixed by Nature —Stuart Hall

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Monkey

Stereotypes

“He gone BEAT HIS ASS”

Found on Facebook, February 7, 2020

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Black Pete is Blackface

“Black is beautiful” a.k.a. Turning the stereotype around

Black Pete is Blackface

“Wie zoet is krijgt lekkers…” a.k.a. How candy and exotic delicacies are use to display racial stereotypes

Black Pete is Blackface

Silly Pete…

Quote by Bram Bakker, famous Dutch psychiatrist. Found in: AD, December 30, 2014, p13

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Black Pete is Blackface

Zwart van Roet (black of soot): the blacker, the dirtier a.k.a. Washing the Blackamoor White

Black Pete is Blackface

“black skin, eyes rimmed in white, red lips and frizzy hair”

Close up of the image of Black Pete found on a poster in Antwerp (BE), October 2019

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Black Pete is Blackface

Prelude: “It’s that time of the year again…”

Stereotypes

Twix Dark vs White

Found on Facebook, October 14, 2019
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White people

The average Dutch person

Stereotypes

The Mammy

The Mammy

The Mammy is “so closely related to the comic coons that she is usually relegated to their ranks. Mammy is distinguished, however, by her sex and her fierce independence. She is usually big, fat, and cantankerous.
— Donald Bogle, 2001

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Stereotypes

Black stereotypes

Reversing the stereotype

‘Let’s Talk About Race’ by Chris Buck

fotoserie ‘Let’s Talk About Race’

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Becky

Stereotypes

White people

Yeni López Sleidi and Em Gee’s “Authentic Caucasians” costumes

Becky

Butt

Stereotypes

Sir Mix A Lot’s ‘Baby Got Back’ ft. ‘Becky’

Sir Mix-a-lot: Baby got back (1992)

Stereotypes

White people

Rutte’s ‘Tokkie’

Becky

Stereotypes

Beyoncé’s “Becky With the Good Hair”

…“The inference is that “Becky” has desirable, sleek hair, while Beyoncé has a naturally curly texture under the wigs and without hot tools. It sheds light on an overall picture when it comes to how black coarse hair is perceived, since the former is “good” and the latter is assumed to be the opposite.”

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Becky

Stereotypes

Beyoncé’s ‘Becky with the good hair’

“Even if she’s referring to another woman of color, “to critique her as a Becky is more than just like, ‘You’re a cheater.’” The insult cuts far deeper, she says: “It re-encodes her as a white Becky.”
— Rebecca Kinney

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Becky

Stereotypes

Hollywood’s Becky: 7 Famous ‘Beckys’ Who Really Do Have Great Hair

Julia Stiles as Becky from A Guy Thing. (Image Courtesy of Paramount)

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Becky

Stereotypes

Taylor Swift’s Becky

In 2014 Taylor Swift wore a “no its becky” T-shirt as a reaction to the meme. (Credit: Splash News Online)

Stereotypes

‘Becky with the good hair’ (Beyoncé – SORRY) | Genius Lyrics

Black face, White wash

Stereotypes

Snapchat’s Bob Marley filter

Snapchat's Bob Marley filter

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Stereotypes

Johan Derksen’s Moroccan problem in Dutch soccer

Stereotypes

Johan Derksen’s problem with Moroccan

‘Er zijn heel wat clubs naar de klote gegaan omdat ze toevallig het veld hebben liggen bij een wijk waar veel Marokkaanse gezinnen wonen. Dan krijgen Marokkaanse jongens de overhand in de selectie, dat functioneert haast nergens.’
— Johan Derksen in Voetbal Inside

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Black face, White wash

Stereotypes

Washing the Blackamoor White

Pears soap advert based on the fable Washing the Blackamoor white, published in the Graphic for Christmas 1884 Source: wikipedia

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Black face, White wash

Blackface as a protest against racism

Uit protest tegen een incident waarbij twee Soedanese vluchtelingen en ploeggenoten uitgescholden en geslagen zijn, ging de hele selectie van Deinster zwart geschminkt op de foto.

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Butt

Stereotypes

Ellen DeGeneres’ skit on Nicki Minaj’s butt

Cowboys and Indians

In commodity

Quick Action Anti-Terror Forces

Stereotypes

White people

Curacoa’s Macamba

“Macamba’s in het algemeen zijn vreemdelingen, vooral hollanders die pas uit patria zijn gekomen […] “Macamba is de scheldnaam voor volbloed Hollanders en beteekent […] moddervoet.” — M.D. Latour

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Encyclopedia of —isms

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Stereotypes

‘Negrophilia’

“Een flink deel van [de tentoonstelling] Black is beautiful is gewijd aan Negrophilia – liefde voor de zwarte cultuur – die in de jaren twintig in Parijs ontstond en later ook in Nederland werd opgepikt. ”
— De Volkskrant

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Bounty

Race-ism

Geel van buiten en wit van binnen; Etnische Zakenvrouw van het Jaar — Den Haag FM

Over Anchou Zhang zegt de jury onder meer “een banaan die heel goed geïntegreerd is, geel van buiten en wit van binnen”, “de mens staat bij Anchou centraal” en “een ondernemer met winnaarsmentaliteit.”

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Butt

Stereotypes

Meghan Trainor’s “bass”

Stereotypes

De Efteling’s “Monsieur Cannibale”