Visual identity politics: how identity relates to power and how this relationship is seen in images, media and narratives.

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In its most basic definition, to sample means to copy or cut and paste.

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In music, a “re-edit is a new version made by cutting-up and splicing together chunks of the original song in a different order, usually using a tape recorder, a razor blade and some sticky tape.” (Brewster 1999, p192)

A type is any simple, vivid, memorable, easily grasped and widely recognized characterization in which a few traits are foregrounded and change or ‘development’ is kept to a minimum. — Richard Dyer

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Stereotyping reduces people to a few, simple, essential characteristics which are represented as fixed by Nature —Stuart Hall

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détournement’

The most wellknown strategy of the situationists was undoubtedly the principle of ‘détournement’ (or ‘distortion’ or ‘hijack’). Situationists considered it the duty of the activist to turn the forces of consumerism and the society of the spectacle against themselves.

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…“used to frighten me but now ‘for me to use the word queer is a liberation’’’
— Derek Jarman

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means ‘pure’, ‘clean’, ‘fair’ ‘non-tainted’, ‘unwritten’ and ‘beautiful’.

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“Now part of what”…“I see as the problem is the idea of anybody’s having to fight the fragmentation and multicultural diversity of the world, not to mention outright oppression, by constructing something so rigid as an identity, an identity in which there has to be a fixed and immobile core, a core that is structured to hold inviolate such a complete biological fantasy as race— whether white or black”  —Samuel R. Delany, interviewed by Mark Dery, 1994

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…“race is the child of racism, not the father. And the naming of “the people” has never been a matter of genealogy and physiognomy so much as one of hierarchy.” 
—Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the world and me, 2015

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a concept of Edward Said which “foregrounds the centrality of imperialisme to Western culture. The cultural archive has influenced historical cultural configurations and current dominant and cherished self-representations and culture.”
—Gloria Wekker

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…“the relation between ‘things’, concepts and signs lies at the heart of the production of meaning in language. The process which links these three elements together is what we call ‘representation’.” 
—Stuart Hall

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“When we look at culture from the perspective of a practice of giving meaning, than language is the tool to give meaning with.”
—Stuart Hall

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A dichotomy means a division into two parts that are exclusive opposed or contradictory: an object can be either one or the other, not both nor neither.

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Culture is the activity of giving meaning to objects, events and people. This activity depends on the participants of this culture.

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Intersectionality is ‘a mode of thinking that intersects identities and systems of social oppression and domination’.

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A typology is the result of the classification of things according to their physical characteristics.

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“Representation functions less like a model of a one-way transmitter and more like the model of a dialogue —it is, they say, dialogic. What sustains this ‘dialogue’ is the presence of shared cultural codes, which cannot guarantee that meaning will remain stable forever.”
—Stuart Hall

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Ieder individu wordt voortdurend gevormd door de (culturele) contexten en groepen waarin h/zij opgroeit.

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Bij het relativisme wordt het oordeel over een ander uitgesteld.

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Bij cultuurabsolutisme ziet men de eigen cultuur als superieur.

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Originally associated with cultural mixtures of African, European, and indigenous ancestry, today, creolization refers to this mixture of different people and different cultures that merge to become one.

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“I’m tired of being labeled. I’m an American. I’m not an African-American.”… “I’m an American. And that’s a colorless person”.
— Raven-Symoné

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“I write “Black” with a capital B because this term addresses first and foremost political and historical dimensions of the concept of Blackness, and relates only indirectly to skin complexion.”
— Adusei-Poku

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“When it comes to defending Barack against the charge that he’s not Black enough, I tell folk, ‘Well, I’ve know him for over fifteen years, and what I’ve noticed is that he’s proud of his race, but that doesn’t capture the range of his identity. He’s rooted in, but not restricted by his Blackness'”
— Michael Eric Dyson in the forword of “Who’s afraid of Post-Blackness” by Touré.

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“Een flink deel van [de tentoonstelling] Black is beautiful is gewijd aan Negrophilia – liefde voor de zwarte cultuur – die in de jaren twintig in Parijs ontstond en later ook in Nederland werd opgepikt. ”
— De Volkskrant

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Hermeneutiek onderzoekt de voorwaarden waaronder het verstaan van (de betekenis van) menselijke uitingen mogelijk is.
—Van den Bersselaar, 2011, p104

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Advocates for colourblindness have ended up closing their eyes to racism, especially the covert kind.

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Afrofuturism is a “Speculative fiction that treats African-American themes and addresses African-American concerns in the context of twentieth-century technoculture—and, more generally, African American signification that appropriates images of technology and a prothetically enhanced future”.
— Mark Dery, 1994, p 180

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Syncretism is the combining of different, often seemingly contradictory beliefs, while melding practices of various schools of thought.

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An ethnography is a means to represent graphically and in writing, the culture of a group.

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Contextmapping is to map the experience of the user and his context.

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